Ubudlelwano phakathi kosayizi wendawo okuqondiwe kuyo kanye nokulungiswa kwephikseli okufinyelelekayo kungahlaziywa ngemibono eminingi. Ngezansi, sizocubungula izici ezine ezibalulekile: ukwanda kwendawo yamaphikseli eyunithi, ukuthuthukiswa kwekhono lokuthwebula ukukhanya, ukuthuthukiswa kokujula komphumela wenkundla, kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe.
1. Khulisa Indawo ye-Unit Pixel
Uma usayizi wendawo eqondiwe yekhamera ukhuphuka, indawo ezwela ukukhanya yephikseli ngayinye nayo inweba ngokulinganayo. Lolu shintsho luthinta kakhulu ikhwalithi yesithombe. Ngokukhethekile, indawo enkulu ezwela ukukhanya yenza iphikseli ngalinye lithwebule ukukhanya okwengeziwe nolwazi lwemininingwane ecebile. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho uthwebula izithombe ze-landscape, indawo ye-pixel yeyunithi enkulu inganikeza izendlalelo zamafu esibhakabhakeni ngomehluko omkhulu futhi yenze ukuthungwa kwezitshalo eziphansi kubonakale kucace kakhudlwana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi kwesinqumo esifanayo, uma amakhamera amabili esebenzisa izinzwa ezinkulu nezincane ngokulandelana, amaphikseli ekhamera enenzwa enkulu azoba nendawo enkulu engezwani nokukhanya, okuyivumela ukuthi ithwebule idatha yokukhanya eyengeziwe. Le datha eyengeziwe ithuthukisa ukucaca okuphelele nokugqama kwemininingwane yesithombe, ikakhulukazi kuzigcawu ze-high dynamic range (HDR), lapho le nzuzo igqama kakhulu.
2. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwekhono Lokuthwebula Ukukhanya
Indawo enkudlwana eqondiwe ayikhulisi nje kuphela indawo ezwela ukukhanya yamaphikseli ngamanye kodwa futhi ithuthukisa amandla okuthwebula ukukhanya esistimu yekhamera. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezimeni zokukhanya okuphansi. Isibonelo, ekuthwebuleni izithombe ebusuku noma ezindaweni zasendlini ezinokukhanya okulinganiselwe, amakhamera afakwe izinzwa ezinkulu ngokuvamile adlula lawo anezinzwa ezincane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-pixel ngayinye ingathola ama-photon amaningi, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise ukuphazamiseka komsindo okubangelwa ukukhanya okunganele. Umsindo ngokuvamile ubonakala njengama-artifact ayimbudumbudu esithombeni, ezehlisa ikhwalithi yesithombe futhi athinte umuzwa obonakalayo. Ngokwandisa usayizi wendawo eqondiwe, ikhamera ingafinyelela ukuchayeka okwanele kuyilapho igcina inani eliphansi le-ISO, icindezela ngempumelelo umsindo futhi inciphise ukufiphala. Lesi sici senza amakhamera enzwa emikhulu abe yinketho ekhethwayo yabathwebuli bezithombe abangochwepheshe nabashisekeli, ikakhulukazi ezimeni ezidinga ukukhanya okunembile kanye nokuhumusha kwethunzi.
3. Ukuthuthukiswa Kokujula Komphumela Wenkundla
Ngokungeziwe ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yesithombe namandla okuthwebula ukukhanya, indawo enkulu okuqondiswe kuyo iphinde inikele ekujuleni okungashoni komphumela wenkambu. Lesi sici sinikeza amathuba amakhulu okudala ezithombeni. Ukujula kwenkambu okungajulile kukhiqiza ukufiphala kwengemuva elingokwemvelo, okuthuthukisa ukuhlukana phakathi kwesihloko nengemuva, ngaleyo ndlela kwenze isithombe sithandeke kakhulu ngobuciko. Isibonelo, ekuthwebuleni izithombe ngobude, abathwebuli bezithombe bangakha imiphumela emangalisayo yokufiphalisa ingemuva ngokulungisa ubude bendawo kanye nosayizi wokuvuleka, basebenzise izinzuzo zezinzwa ezinkulu. Lo mphumela awugcini nje ngokugqamisa isihloko esiyinhloko kodwa futhi udala umoya ofana nephupho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuthwebuleni izithombe ezinkulu, ukujula kwenkundla kuvumela abathwebuli bezithombe ukuba bagxile emininingwaneni ethile, njengokuma kwezimpiko zesinambuzane noma amazolo emaqabungeni, kuyilapho kuthambisa ingemuva ukuze bagweme izithikamezo.
4. Intuthuko Yezobuchwepheshe
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe besimanje, sekungenzeka ukuthi kwenziwe izinzwa zesithombe ezinezindawo ezinkulu eziqondiwe. Lokhu kwenzeka ngamasu okukhiqiza athuthukile kanye nempumelelo kwisayensi yezinto zokwakha. Isibonelo, intuthuko kubuchwepheshe be-semiconductor inike amandla ibhalansi phakathi kokuminyana kwamaphikseli aphezulu kanye nezindawo zamaphikseli eyunithi enkulu ukuthi izuzwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngisho nasezinqumweni eziphakeme kakhulu, inzwa ingagcina amandla okuthwebula ukukhanya okuhle kakhulu namazinga omsindo aphansi. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha kuye kwathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokuqina kwezinzwa. Lokhu kuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe akuthuthukisi nje kuphela ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhamera ebanga lochwepheshe kodwa futhi kunyuse amazinga okusebenza kumadivayisi asezingeni lomthengi. Ezinsukwini zamanje, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amakhamera we-reflex yelensi eyodwa esezingeni eliphezulu noma ama-smartphone, wonke angasebenzisa izinzwa ezinkulu ukuze alethe ukusebenza okuvelele kuzo zonke izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokudubula.
Kafushane, ukukhuliswa kosayizi wendawo eqondiwe kunemiphumela eminingi ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwekhamera. Kusukela ekwenyukeni kwendawo yamaphikseli eyunithi kuya ekuthuthukisweni kwekhono lokuthwebula ukukhanya, bese kuya ekuthuthukisweni kokujula komphumela wenkundla nokusekelwa kwenqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe, yonke into inikela ekuzuzeni izithombe zekhwalithi ephezulu. Kubasebenzisi abafuna ikhwalithi ephezulu yesithombe, ukukhetha idivayisi efakwe inzwa enkulu ngokungangabazeki kuyisinqumo esihlakaniphile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-05-2025